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au:Gonzalo-Rodríguez, J.

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Inteligencia artificial en la colonoscopia de tamizaje y la disminución del error
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Galvis-García, Elymir

; Vega-González, Francisco J. de la

; Emura, Fabian

; Teramoto-Matsubara, Óscar

; Sánchez-Robles, Juan C.

; Rodríguez-Vanegas, Gonzalo

; Sobrino-Cossío, Sergio

Cirugía y cirujanos

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Jun 2023, Volume 91 Nº 3 Páginas 411 - 421

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La inteligencia artificial (IA) tiene el potencial de cambiar muchos aspectos de la práctica sanitaria. La discriminación y la clasificación de imágenes tiene muchas aplicaciones dentro de la medicina. Se han desarrollado algoritmos de aprendizaje automático y redes neuronales complicadas para entrenar a una computadora a diferenciar las áreas normales de las anormales. El aprendizaje automático es una forma de IA que permite que la plataforma mejore sin ser programada. El diagnóstico asistido por computadora (CAD) se basa en latencia, que es el tiempo entre la imagen capturada y cuando es mostrada en la pantalla. La endoscopia asistida por IA puede incrementar la tasa de detección al identificar lesiones obviadas. Un sistema CAD de IA debe ser sensible, específico, con interfaces fáciles de usar, y proporcionar resultados rápidos sin prolongar sustancialmente los procedimientos. La IA tiene el potencial de ayudar tanto a endoscopistas entrenados como a los que están en entrenamiento. En vez de ser un sustituto para una técnica de alta calidad, deberá servir como un complemento de las buenas prácticas. La IA ha sido evaluada en tres escenarios clínicos en las neoplasias colónicas: la detección de pólipos, su caracterización (adenomatosos vs. no adenomatosos) y la predicción de cáncer invasor dentro de una lesión polipoide.

Abstract Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to change many aspects of healthcare practice. Image discrimination and classification has many applications within medicine. Machine learning algorithms and complicated neural networks have been developed to train a computer to differentiate between normal and abnormal areas. Machine learning is a form of AI that allows the platform to improve without being programmed. Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) is based on latency, which is the time between the captured image and when it is displayed on the screen. AI-assisted endoscopy can increase the detection rate by identifying missed lesions. An AI CAD system must be responsive, specific, with easy-to-use interfaces, and provide fast results without substantially prolonging procedures. AI has the potential to help both, trained and trainee endoscopists. Rather than being a substitute for high-quality technique, it should serve as a complement to good practice. AI has been evaluated in three clinical scenarios in colonic neoplasms: the detection of polyps, their characterization (adenomatous vs. non-adenomatous) and the prediction of invasive cancer within a polypoid lesion.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ciru.22000446

Recomendaciones en el abordaje del hematoma intracerebral espontáneo durante la internación
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Pigretti, Santiago G.

; Mirofsky, Matías

; García, Darío E.

; Issac, Cristian

; Valdez, Pascual

; Persi, Gabriel G.

; Mamani, Carlos E.

; Guyon, Jorgelina

; Álvarez, Héctor

; Montes, Mariana

; Daza Aramayo, José M.

; Iturrieta, Pablo

; Chaves, Hernán

; Sarmiento, Verónica

; Tumino, Leandro

; Domeniconi, Gustavo

; Castagna, Rosa

; Sabio, Rodrigo

; Videtta, Walter

; Ciarrocchi, Nicolás

; Lerman, Damián

; Dossi, Daiana E.

; Balian, Natalia R.

; Velasquez, Mariela A.

; Rufino Saravia, Gonzalo

; Alet, Matías J.

; Rodríguez Lucci, Federico

; Ciardi, Celina

; Pujol Lereis, Virginia

; Claverie, Santiago

; Casanova, Matías

; González, Leonardo

; Mónaco, Juan Manuel

; Cárdenas, Rolando E.

; Cirio, Juan José

; Arturi, Jessica

; Requejo, Flavio

; Plou, Pedro L.

; Orzuza, Gabriela

; Bonardo, Pablo

; Díaz, María Fernanda

; Payaslian, Silvio

; Andrade, María Gabriela

; Gomez Schneider, Maia M.

; Romano, Marina

; Colla Machado, Pedro

; Arroyo, José

; Arcondo, María Florencia

; Svampa, Silvana

; Armenteros, Cristhian

; Tejada Jacob, Virginia

; Zurrú, María Cristina

Medicina (Buenos Aires)

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Nov 2022, Volume 82 Supl. 4 Páginas 1 - 56

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) constituye la principal causa de discapacidad de origen neuro- lógico en los adultos mayores a 40 años y la cuarta causa de muerte en Argentina. En los últimos diez años las publicaciones indexadas relacionadas al tratamiento del ACV isquémico fueron más numerosas que las de ACV hemorrágico. El objetivo de este material es proporcionar recomendaciones locales y actualiza- das del abordaje de pacientes con hematoma intraparenquimatoso espontáneo durante la internación. Para la redacción de este manuscrito se convocó a especialistas en esta enfermedad que conformaron grupos de trabajo. Se plantearon 10 tópicos centrales expresados como epidemiologia, atención inicial, imágenes, tratamiento de la presión arterial, reversión de antitrombóticos, indicación de cirugía, profilaxis anticonvulsivante, pronóstico, prevención de complicaciones y reinicio de antitrombóticos. De cada tópico se plantearon mediante preguntas PICO los interrogantes más frecuentes de la práctica diaria. Luego de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se generaron recomendaciones evaluadas mediante sistema GRADE y consensuadas entre autores y pacientes.

Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of neurological disability in people over 40 years of age and the fourth leading cause of death in Argentina. In the last ten years, the indexed publications related to the treatment of ischemic stroke were more numerous than those of hemorrhagic stroke. The objective of this material is to provide local and updated recommendations for the management of patients with spontaneous intracere- bral hemorrhage during hospitalization. For the writing of this manuscript, diferent specialists were convened to form working groups. Ten central topics expressed as epidemiology, initial care, imaging, blood pressure treatment, reversal of antithrombotics, indication for surgery, seizure prophylaxis, prognosis, prevention of complications and resumption of antithrombotics were raised. For each topic, the most frequent questions of daily practice were raised through PICO questions. After a systematic review of the literature, recommendations were generated, evaluated using the GRADE system and agreed between authors and patients.

Domestic dog and alien North American mink as reservoirs of infectious diseases in the endangered Southern river otter
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Barros, Macarena

; Pons, Daniel J.

; Moreno, Andrea

; Vianna, Juliana

; Ramos, Barbara

; Dueñas, Fernando

; Coccia, Cristina

; Saavedra-Rodríguez, Roberto

; Santibañez, Alexis

; Medina-Vogel, Gonzalo

Austral journal of veterinary sciences

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2022, Volume 54 Nº 2 Páginas 65 - 75

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Introduced alien carnivores are host to infectious diseases that may become an important threat for native carnivore species conservation. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is thought to be transmitted among individuals by direct contact and to present viral dynamics associated with a density-dependent multi-host carnivore community. In contrast, Canine Parvovirus (CPV) is mostly transmitted by indirect contact and does not depend only on the density, but also on the social behaviour of infected as well as susceptible hosts. The objective of this study was to assess how introduced American mink (Neovison vison) can act as a bridge-host between domestic dog (Canis familiaris) and Southern river otter (Lontra provocax) in different dog and mink population density scenarios. Our data show that otters are seropositive to both CDV and PV, as well as a molecular identity to Parvovirus in dogs and minks. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between dog population density and observed seroprevalence of CDV in dogs, minks, and otters was recorded. For Parvovirus, the observed seroprevalence in mink and otters was not correlated to a higher dog population density, but instead a relationship between dog and mink population densities and social behaviour. Our results suggest that introduced American mink and domestic dogs are reservoirs of CDV and PV, both being diseases of major importance for the conservation of native endangered carnivores in Patagonia.

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Development of fluorescent- and radio-traceable T1307-polymeric micelles as biomedical agents for cancer diagnosis: biodistribution on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice
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Lecot, Nicole

; Rodríguez, Gonzalo

; Stancov, Valentina

; Fernández, Marcelo

; González, Mercedes

; Glisoni, Romina J.

; Cabral, Pablo

; Cerecetto, Hugo

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2022, Volume 58 elocation e191055

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract In recent years, nanocarriers have been studied as promising pharmaceutical tools for controlled drug-delivery, treatment-efficacy follow-up and disease imaging. Among them, X-shaped amphiphilic polymeric micelles (Tetronic®, poloxamines) display great potential due to their biocompatibility and non-toxic effects, among others. In the present work, polymeric micelles based on the T1307 copolymer were initially decorated with a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-fluorophore in order to determinate its in vivo biodistribution on 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. However, unfavorable results with this probe led to two different strategies. On the one hand, the BODIPY-micelle-loaded, L-T1307-BODIPY, and on the other hand, the 99mTc-micelle-radiolabeled, L-T1307- 99m Tc, were analyzed separately in vivo. The results indicated that T1307 accumulates mainly in the stomach, the kidneys, the lungs and the tumor, reaching the maximum organ-accumulation 2 hours after intravenous injection. Additionally, and according to the results obtained for L-T1307- 99m Tc, the capture of the polymeric micelles in organs could be observed up to 24 hours after injection. The results obtained in this work were promising towards the development of new radiotracer agents for breast cancer based on X-shaped polymeric micelles.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e191055

Essential oil of Peumus boldus Molina against the nematode Haemonchus contortus (L3) and three stored cereal insect pests
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Silva-Aguayo, Gonzalo

; Aguilar-Marcelino, Liliana

; Cuevas-Padilla, Edgar

; Loyola-Zapata, Patricia

; Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Concepción

; Castañeda-Ramírez, Gloria

; Figueroa-Cares, Inés

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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Set 2021, Volume 81 Nº 3 Páginas 390 - 397

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Alternative methods of control against different parasites affecting livestock and agriculture are currently being sought. The essential oil of Peumus boldus Molina has anthelmintic and insecticidal activity against the nematode Haemonchus contortus and stored cereal insect pests. The present study aimed to assess the in vitro activity of P. boldus essential oil against H. contortus (L3) unsheathed and Sitophilus zeamais, Tribolium castaneum, and Plodia interpunctella. The essential oil was obtained from leaves of P. boldus and its principal compounds identified by phytochemical analysis. Essential oil was tested at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75 and 2.0 mg mL-1 on unsheathed L3 H. contortus larvae and in concentrations of 0, 35, 70, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 μL L-1 air on adult insects. The main constituents detected in the essential oil were 1,8-cineole, terpineol, terpinene-4-ol, γ-terpinene, p-cimene, methyl eugenol, safrole, (E)-germacrene D, β-tujene, and ascaridol. The nematode H. contortus and insects were exposed to the essential oil for 72 h. In a bioassay with H. contortus larvae, treatment with 2.0 mg mL-1 showed the highest toxicity with 99.2% mortality. Regarding insecticidal activity, S. zeamais was the most susceptible species with a mortality of 90% at 200 μL L-1 air. The present study suggests that the essential oil of P. boldus has potential anthelmintic and insecticidal activity.

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CONTROL DE Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky CON POLVOS DE FOLLAJE DE DOS ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO Eucalyptus
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Higueras, Cristobal

; Silva-Aguayo, Gonzalo

; Urbina, Angélica

; Figueroa, Inés

; Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Concepción

; Lagunes-Tejeda, Angel

; Rodríguez, Marcela

; Aguilar-Marcelino, Liliana

Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences

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Ago 2021, Volume 37 Nº 2 Páginas 101 - 111

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Insect pests of stored cereals cause losses between 10 and 20%, which requires the search for effective and environmentally friendly control alternatives that pose no threat to human health. The objective of this study was to evaluate under laboratory conditions the insecticidal and insectistatic activity of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens foliage powder against Sitophilus zeamais. The studied variables were contact and fumigant toxicity and repellent and anti-feed activity. The contact and fumigant toxicity did not exceed 40% mortality in any of the concentrations evaluated, although the concentration of 8.0% affected the progeny, recording 80.9% inhibition of adult insect emergence (F1) in E. globulus and 86.7% inhibition in E. nitens. All the treatments showed repellency and E. nitens recorded a feeding deterrence index (FDI) of 60.5%. It can be concluded that E. globulus and E.nitens powder has potential as a repellent and inhibitor of the life cycle of S. zeamais.

RESUMEN Los insectos plaga de los cereales almacenados causan pérdidas entre 10 y 20%, lo que hace necesaria la búsqueda de alternativas de control efectivas, amigables con el medio ambiente y que no representen riegos para la salud de las personas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar, en condiciones de laboratorio, la acción insecticida e insectistática del polvo de follaje de Eucalyptus globulus y Eucalyptus nitens para el control de Sitophilus zeamais. Las variables estudiadas fueron toxicidad por contacto y fumigación y actividad repelente y anti-alimentaria. La toxicidad por contacto y fumigación no superó el 40% de mortalidad en ninguna de las concentraciones evaluadas, aunque el tratamiento de 8,0% afectó la progenie, registrando un 80,9% de inhibición de la emergencia de insectos adultos (F1) para E. globulus y de 86,7% en E. nitens. La totalidad de los tratamientos mostró efecto repelente y el polvo de E. nitens presentó un índice de disuasión de la alimentación (IDA) de 60,5%. Se concluye que el polvo de follaje de E. globulus y E.nitens presenta potencial como repelente e inhibidor del ciclo de S. zeamais.

https://doi.org/10.29393/chjass37-12cscl80012 90 downloads

Oviposition of Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Capsicum chinense (Jacq) treated with spiromesifen or spirotetramat
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Tucuch-Haas, J. Ismael

; Silva-Aguayo, Gonzalo

; Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Concepción

Revista fitotecnia mexicana

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Set 2020, Volume 43 Nº 3 Páginas 317 - 323

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El psílido de la papa/tomate, Bactericera cockerelli, es una de las plagas más importantes de cultivos de solanáceas en el mundo. Spirotetramat y spiromesifen son insecticidas comúnmente utilizados contra esta plaga y actúan inhibiendo la acetil CoA carboxilasa, y con ello evitan la biosíntesis de lípidos. Se evaluó el efecto de los insecticidas sobre el comportamiento de oviposición de B. cockerelli en plantas de chile habanero [Capsicum chinense (Jacq)]. El follaje de la planta se dividió en tres estratos (superior, medio e inferior) y todas las combinaciones de estratos se trataron por separado con 30 mL de la solución a una concentración de 1 mL L-1 de formulación comercial, se utilizó una torre Potter a 0.703 kg cm-2 de presión, calibrada para aplicar 2 mL cm-2. Después de 1 h de tratamiento se retiró la cubierta plástica de los estratos no tratados, y las plantas de cada tratamiento se infestaron con 20 pares de adultos de 20 a 24 h y se les permitió ovipositar durante 7 d. Se registró el número de huevos por hoja por estrato y se calculó su porcentaje. El porcentaje de huevos por hoja en el testigo en los estratos superior, medio e inferior fue 42, 32 y 26 %, respectivamente. El Spiromesifen inhibió significativamente (P ≤ 0.05) la oviposición sólo en la capa tratada. El Spirotetramat redujo significativamente (P ≤ 0.05) la tasa de oviposición, independientemente del estrato tratado, lo que indica actividad biológica en partes no tratadas de la planta, ya sea por encima o por debajo de la parte tratada.

Summary The potato/tomato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli, is one of the most important pests of solanaceous crops in the world. Spirotetramat and spiromesifen are insecticides commonly used against this pest and act by inhibiting acetyl CoA carboxylase, thus preventing the biosynthesis of lipids. Their effect of the insecticides on the oviposition behavior of B. cockerelli on habanero pepper plants, [Capsicum chinense (Jacq)] was evaluated. The foliage of the plant was divided into three strata (upper, middle and lower), and all the strata combinations were treated separately with 30 mL of the solution at a concentration of 1 mL L-1 of commercial formulation using a Potter tower at 0.703 kg cm-2 of pressure, calibrated to apply 2 mL cm-2. After 1 h of treatment, the plastic cover was removed from the untreated strata, and the plants of each treatment were infested with 20 pairs of 20 to 24 h-old adults and allowed them to oviposit for 7 d. The number of eggs per leaf per stratum was recorded and its percentage was calculated. The percentage of eggs per leaf in the control at the upper, middle and lower strata was 42, 32 and 26 %, respectively. Spiromesifen significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibited oviposition only in the treated layer. Spirotetramat significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced the oviposition rate, regardless of the treated stratum, indicating biological activity on untreated parts of the plant, either above or below the treated part.

https://doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2020.3.317

ACTIVIDAD INSECTICIDA DEL ACEITE ESENCIAL DEL PAICO Chenopodium ambrosioides L. SOBRE Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
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Aros, Julia

; Silva-Aguayo, Gonzalo

; Fischer, Susana

; Figueroa, Inés

; Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Concepción

; Lagunes-Tejeda, Angel

; Castañeda-Ramírez, Gloria S.

; Aguilar-Marcelino, Liliana

Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences

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Dez 2019, Volume 35 Nº 3 Páginas 282 - 292

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Sitophilus zeamais is one of the major pests of stored cereals worldwide and its control is based on the use of synthetic insecticides, but their irrational use has caused environmental pollution and resistance. Essential oils have shown contact and fumigant insecticidal effect and could be an alternative to synthetic compounds. Hence, the insecticidal properties of essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. were assessed under laboratory conditions against adults of Sitophilus. zeamais. The variables studied were contact and fumigant toxicity, and antifeedant and repellent activity. Mortality by contact toxicity did not exceed 30% in all the treatments evaluated. The highest F1 reduction was observed in the treatment of 4.0% with 41.3% of emergence (58.7% of inhibition). Grain weight loss was lower than 9.0% and maize germination was not affected. All treatments exhibited fumigant activity, while concentrations equal to or lower than 0.5% showed repellent and feeding deterrent effect. It can be concluded that essential oil of Ch. ambrosioides has potential for S. zeamais control.

RESUMEN Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky es a nivel mundial una de las principales plagas de los cereales almacenados y su control se basa en insecticidas sintéticos, pero su uso irracional ha provocado contaminación del ambiente y resistencia. Los aceites esenciales han mostrado efecto insecticida de contacto y fumigante por lo que podrían constituir una alternativa a los compuestos sintéticos. Por este motivo se evaluaron, en condiciones de laboratorio, las propiedades insecticidas del aceite esencial de Chenopodium ambrosioides L. contra adultos de S. zeamais. Las variables evaluadas fueron toxicidad por contacto y fumigación, y actividad antialimentaria y repelente. La mortalidad por contacto no superó el 30% en todos los tratamientos evaluados. La mayor reducción de la F1 se observó en el tratamiento de 4,0% con 41,3% de emergencia (58,7% de inhibición). La pérdida de peso de los granos fue menor a 9,0% y la germinación del maíz no se vio afectada. Todos los tratamientos mostraron actividad fumigante y las concentraciones iguales o superiores a 0,5% tuvieron efecto repelente y antialimentario. Se concluye que el aceite esencial de Ch. ambrosioides presenta potencial para el control de S. zeamais.

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ACTIVIDAD INSECTICIDA, REPELENTE Y ANTIALIMENTARIA DEL POLVO Y ACEITE ESENCIAL DE FRUTOS DE Schinus molle L. PARA EL CONTROL DE Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky)
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Arias P, Jocelyn

; Silva A, Gonzalo

; Figueroa C, Inés

; Fischer G, Susana

; Robles-Bermúdez, Agustín

; Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Concepción

; Lagunes-Tejeda, Angel

Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences

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Ago 2017, Volume 33 Nº 2 Páginas 93 - 104

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT The pepper tree (Schinus molle L.) has secondary metabolites with insecticidal activity. The objective of this study was to assess under laboratory conditions the insecticidal and insectistatic activity of fruit powder and essential oil of S. molle against Sitophilus zeamais. In contact toxicity bioassays, the highest mortality was observed with essential oil at a concentration of 8.0%, recording 96.3% of dead insects with an LC50 of 3.82 mL essential oil 100 g-1 maize (3.82%). Powder at the same concentration showed a 63.8 % of mortality with an LC50 of 7.95 g powder 100 g-1 maize (7.95%). None of the treatments affected germination or grain weight loss. The essential oil at a concentration of 8.0% caused a complete inhibition of F1 resulting in 0% of adult insects. All treatments had repellent effects. The highest antifeeding effect observed with the essential oil was recorded at a concentration of 16.0% with a 72.2% of inhibition. It was concluded that both powder and essential oil of S. molle show contact insecticidal toxicity as well as repellent and antifeeding effects against S. zeamais.

RESUMEN El pimiento boliviano (Schinus molle L.) es un árbol del cual se han identificado metabolitos secundarios con actividad insecticida. El objetivo fue evaluar, en condiciones de laboratorio, la actividad insecticida e insectistática del polvo y aceite esencial de frutos de S. molle sobre Sitophilus zeamais. En los bioensayos de toxicidad por contacto la mayor mortalidad se obtuvo con el aceite esencial al 8,0 % con 96,3% de insectos muertos con una CL50 de 3,82 mL aceite esencial 100 g-1 maíz (3,82%). A la misma concentración el polvo mostró un 63,8% de mortalidad y una CL50 de 7,95 g polvo 100 g-1 maíz (7,95%). Ambos tratamientos no afectaron significativamente la germinación ni la pérdida de peso del grano. El aceite esencial en la concentración de 8,0% provocó una completa inhibición en la emergencia mostrando una F1 de 0% de insectos adultos. Todos los tratamientos fueron repelentes y el mayor efecto antialimentario del aceite esencial se registró con la concentración de 16% con 71,2% de inhibición. Se concluyó que el polvo y aceite esencial de S. molle presentan toxicidad insecticida por contacto y efecto repelente e inhibidor de la alimentación sobre S. zeamais.

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10.

VARIACIÓN ESTACIONAL DE LA REPELENCIA DE LOS ACEITES ESENCIALES DE MONIMIACEAE SOBRE Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (CURCULIONIDAE)
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Ortiz, Cristian

; Silva, Gonzalo

; Moya, Ernesto

; Fischer, Susana

; Urbina, Angélica

; Rodríguez, J. Concepción

Chilean journal of agricultural & animal sciences

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2017, Volume 33 Nº 3 Páginas 221 - 230

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) in stored cereals is mainly controlled with the use of synthetic insecticides. Botanical insecticides, particularly essential oils, are an alternative to use of synthetic insecticides. In Chile, the best results have been obtained with the use of essential oils of Peumus boldus (boldo), Laurelia sempervirens (laurel) and Laureliopsis philippiana (tepa). A study was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the repellency of these three extracts against S. zeamais throughout the year. The main components of each essential oil were: 1-8-cineol (from 14.9 to 40%) and ascaridol (24.37%) in P. boldus; methyl eugenol (from 4.6 to 39.7%) and safrole (from 38.5 to 64.7%) in L. sempervirens; safrol (from 17 to 39.6%) and linalool (from 0. 9 to 34.5%) in L. philippiana. Except for the extracts of L. philippiana and P. boldus at 0.125 and 0.25%, all treatments caused repellency, reaching higher levels at concentrations ≥ 4%. Only the essential oil of L. sempervirens presented seasonal variation, with greater repellency in the foliage collected in summer. Due to the absence of seasonal effects, essential oils of P. boldus and L. philippiana are considered promising for the control of pests in stored grains throughout the year.

RESUMEN Sitophilus zeamais (gorgojo del maíz) en cereales almacenados se controla principalmente con insecticidas sintéticos. Una alternativa son los insecticidas botánicos, especialmente los aceites esenciales. En Chile, los mejores resultados se han obtenido con los de Peumus boldus (boldo), Laurelia sempervirens (laurel) y Laureliopsisphilippiana (tepa). Se estudió en laboratorio la repelencia de estos tres extractos sobre S. zeamais a lo largo del año. Los componentes principales de P. boldus fueron 1-8-cineol (14,9 a 40%) y ascaridol (24,37%). En L. sempervirens destacaron metil-eugenol (4,6 a 39,7%) y safrol (38,5 a 64,7%), y en L. philippiana safrol (17 a 39,6%) y linalool (0,9 a 34,5%). Salvo los extractos de L. philippiana y P. boldus al 0,125 y 0,25%, todos los tratamientos causaron repelencia, con mayor nivel en concentraciones ≥ 4%. Sólo el aceite esencial de L. sempervirens presentó variación estacional, con mayor repelencia en el follaje colectado en verano. La falta de efecto estacional de los aceites esenciales de P. boldus y L. philippiana se estiman promisorias para el control de plagas de granos almacenados durante todo el año.

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11.

Accesibilidad de los contenidos en un repositorio institucional: análisis, herramientas y usos del formato EPUB
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De Giusti, Marisa R.

; Lira, Ariel J.

; Rodríguez Vuan, Julieta Paz

; Villarreal, Gonzalo L.

E-Ciencias de la Información

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Dez 2016, Volume 6 Nº 2 Páginas 50 - 73

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen.El objetivo de este trabajo es describir alternativas incorporadas en el formato EPUB3 para promover el acceso a la producción académica y científica de las instituciones por parte de personas con discapacidades visuales. Como punto de partida se toma la figura del repositorio institucional como espacio que alberga y difunde esta producción, y cuyos objetivos incluyen darle mayor visibilidad y maximizar su impacto, manteniéndose así en la misma línea con la propuesta de este estudio. Se analizan los aportes introducidos en el formato EPUB3 con respecto a sus antecesores. En particular, se estudian las extensiones existentes que sirven para optimizar la síntesis de voz a partir de los textos (TTS, text-to-speech), la incorporación de voces adicionales y múltiples voces, y finalmente las herramientas disponibles para visualizar y reproducir documentos EPUB3 con incorporaciones TTS. En este aspecto, se hace énfasis en las aplicaciones accesibles gratuitamente desde dispositivos móviles actuales a fin de asegurar el aprovechamiento de estos aportes por cualquier potencial persona usuaria. Por último, se evalúa la viabilidad de implementar un circuito de generación de documentos EPUB3 accesibles, y se analizan posibles servicios adicionales que el repositorio institucional

AbstractThe aim of this work is to describe alternatives introduced in EPUB 3 format to promote access to the academic and scientific institutional production by users with visual disabilities. The figure of the Institutional Repository is taken as starting line, understood as a space which hosts and disseminates this production, and whose objectives include maximizing its impact and fostering its visibility, both in the same line with the proposal of the study.Contributions in EPUB 3 format are analyzed and compared to its predecessors. Particularly, the existent extensions that are useful to optimize the voice synthesis for text to speech (TTS), the ability to add spare and multiple voices, and some of the available tools to visualize and reproduce TTS-enabled EPUB 3 documents. In this matter, the stress has been put on applications freely available for current mobile devices, in order to ensure that any potential user will be able to take advantage of these contributions. Lastly, the viability of implementing a circuit for accessible EPUB 3 documents generation is discussed, and further services for an institutional repository to offer from these tools are briefly mentioned.

https://doi.org/10.15517/eci.v6i2.23690 888 downloads

12.

Insecticidal activity of Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) Schodde (Atherospermataceae) essential oil against Sitophilus spp. (Coleoptera Curculionidae)
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Norambuena, Carolina

; Silva, Gonzalo

; Urbina, Angélica

; Figueroa, Inés

; Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Concepción

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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Set 2016, Volume 76 Nº 3 Páginas 330 - 336

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In Chile, the main Coleopteran species of stored grains are Sitophilus oryzae, S. zeamais, and S. granarius. The aim of this study was to evaluate under laboratory conditions the contact and fumigant insecticidal activity, as well as the repellent and antifeedant effects of Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) Schodde essential oil against adults of Sitophilus spp. The main compounds identified in this essential oil were methyleugenol (61.38%) and safrole (14.76%). Based on the contact bioassay, the highest toxicity was achieved with the concentration of 4.0% (v/w), and S. oryzae was the most susceptible species. Emergence (F1) was reduced as the concentration of the essential oil increased, reaching maximums of 60% in the case of S. granarius and S. oryzae, and 36% in S. zeamais. Mortality by fumigant activity was 100% for the three species of Sitophilus. All of the treatments had a repellent effect. The highest antifeedant activity (82.9%) was recorded at 4.0% (v/w) concentration. Concentrations below 2.0% (v/w) did not affect germination of maize. Based on these results, L. philippiana essential oil has the potential to control Sitophilus spp. weevils.

1039 downloads

13.

Insecticidal activity of powder and essential oil of Cryptocarya alba (Molina) Looser against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
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Pinto, Juan J

; Silva, Gonzalo

; Figueroa, Inés

; Tapia, Maritza

; Urbina, Angélica

; Rodríguez, J. Concepción

; Lagunes, Angel

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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Mar 2016, Volume 76 Nº 1 Páginas 48 - 54

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Cereals constitute a relevant part of human and domestic animal diet. Under storage conditions, one of the most significant problems of these crops is insect pests as the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky). This insect species is usually controlled by means of synthetic insecticides but problems as toxic residues and resistance has led to the search for more friendly control alternatives such as botanical insecticides. The aim of this research was to evaluate, under laboratory conditions, the insecticidal properties of the powder and the essential oil of peumo (Cryptocarya alba [Molina] Looser; Lauraceae) leaves against S. zeamais. The variables assessed were toxicity by contact and fumigant activity, adult emergence (F1), repellent effect, and impact on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed germination. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments and 10 replicates. The higher mortality levels were obtained at 80 g powder kg-1 grain and 40 mL essential oil kg-1 grain of C. alba; in both cases, the mortality of adult S. zeamais surpassed 80%. The emergence of adults S. zeamais (F1) was reduced by 100% at 80 g powder kg-1 grain and 40 mL essential oil kg-1 grain. Germination of wheat seeds treated with C. alba powder and essential oil was not affected. Both, the powder and the oil treatments showed repellent effect, but not fumigant activity.

2290 downloads

14.

Bioactivity of Peumus boldus Molina, Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. and Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) Schodde (Monimiacea) essential oils against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
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Herrera-Rodríguez, Carmen

; Ramírez-Mendoza, Carolina

; Becerra-Morales, Itzel

; Silva-Aguayo, Gonzalo

; Urbina-Parra, Angélica

; Figueroa-Cares, Inés

; Martínez-Bolaños, Luciano

; Rodríguez-Maciel, J. Concepción

; Lagunes-Tejeda, Angel

; Pastene-Navarrete, Edgar

; Bustamante-Salazar, Luis

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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Set 2015, Volume 75 Nº 3 Páginas 334 - 340

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky) is one of most important pest of stored seeds worldwide, but its current control method is based on the use of synthetic insecticides, usually leading to undesirable problems such as insecticide residues on treated food, human intoxications, and insect resistance development. Therefore the search of friendly alternative methods is required. The aim of this study was to assess, under laboratory conditions, the insecticidal properties of Peumus boldus Molina, Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul., and Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) Schodde essential oils against S. zeamais. The phytochemical analysis of the three essential oils showed 1,8-cineole, safrole and methyleugenol as the common components; all of them documented with insecticidal activity from essential oils from other plant species. The highest toxicity (100% mortality) of these three oils acting as a contact insecticide was observed at 24 h exposure at 4% concentration. The estimated LC50 values for P. boldus, L. sempervirens, and L. philippiana were 0.37, 1.02, and 0.28 μL g-1, respectively. Peumus boldus exhibited the highest fumigant activity with 100% adult mortality at 30 μL oil L-1 air. At ≥ 0.5% (v/w) concentration, all essential oils showed repellent activity. These three essential oils showed a promissory insecticidal activity against the maize weevil.

1419 downloads

15.

Insecticidal activity of Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
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Torres, Cristian

; Silva, Gonzalo

; Tapia, Maritza

; Rodríguez, J. Concepción

; Figueroa, Inés

; Lagunes, Angel

; Santillán, Candelario

; Robles, Agustín

; Aguilar, Sotero

; Ticuch, Ismael

Chilean journal of agricultural research

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Dez 2014, Volume 74 Nº 4 Páginas 421 - 426

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

The maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky is a worldwide key pest of stored products. Usually contact insecticides or fumigants are used against it, but problems as toxic residues, human intoxications, and resistance have triggered the search for alternative control methods as the use of essential oils. The objective of this research was to assess under laboratory conditions, the insecticidal properties of Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul. essential oil against S. zeamais. In contact toxicity bioassay assessed treatments were 0 (control), 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10, 20, and 40 mL essential oil kg-1 grain and 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 μL essential oil L-1 air in fumigant toxicity tests. The highest toxicity by contact activity was reached by concentrations higher than 10 mL essential oil kg-1 grain (100% mortality). The same treatments totally inhibit F1. The dose of 175 μL essential oil L-1 air showed a significant toxicity by fumigant activity causing 72.5% of dead insects. The other treatments did not surpass 5% mortality. In offspring effect (F1) bioassay, all treatments had an insect emergence significantly lower than the control but concentrations equal or higher than 10 mL essential oil kg-1 grain prevented the emergence of F1 during the 7 wk of bioassay. The residual effect of contact toxicity remained by 15 d. The treatments based on essential oil lead to a weight grain loss lower than control and germination was not affected. All assessed treatments showed repellent effect. The essential oil of L. sempervirens has promissory perspectives to maize weevil control.

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